fix(iterate): reject non-decimal numeric interval values

[kairoships-ui]

Summary

• parsePositiveSafeInteger used Number(value), which coerces scientific (1e2 -> 100), hexadecimal (0x10 -> 16), binary/octal, signed (+60), and whitespace-padded strings into numbers. Those were incorrectly accepted as --interval values.
• Added a strict ^\d+$ decimal guard before Number(), keeping plain positive safe-integer parsing unchanged.
• Added regression coverage for the non-decimal forms (1e2, 0x10, 0b10, 0o10, +60, 60, 60 , 1_000).

Verification

• vitest run packages/cli/src/commands/iterate.test.ts -> 26 passed (8 new)
• tsc -p packages/cli/tsconfig.json --noEmit -> no new errors in the cli package
• git diff --check -> clean

Closes #803

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