Expose config macros as Bazel config flags

[rdong8]

In Bazel, to configure quill using these macros, you'd either have to:

• Add build ---cxxopt=-DQUILL_NO_EXCEPTIONS in your .bazelrc, which propagates the define to all C++ targets. Not ideal since it causes workspace-wide cache invalidation, pollutes your compile database, etc.
• Use cc_binary(name = "my_app", deps = ["@quill"], copts = ["-DQUILL_NO_EXCEPTIONS"]). Not ideal since you have to add this to each of your own targets and ensure they are kept in sync with each other

This PR fixes this by adding Bazel config attributes:

build --@quill//:no_exceptions

This was made with the help of an LLM.

[apozzer305]

I removed the analysis test suite to keep the repository simpler and avoid maintaining duplicate flag/default lists for tests we currently don’t plan to run in CI, rest looks good, thanks