[Homework] ComplexArray Tasks and Bonus Enhancements - 2300011176

[thegreatcrab]

Completed the basic requirements (Tasks 1-10) and implemented the following enhancements for the Bonus Task:

1. Memory Management: Fixed a critical bug in the Copy Constructor where 'freemem()' was erroneously called on uninitialized pointers, preventing potential segmentation faults during object creation.
2. Encapsulation: Moved the raw data pointer 'ptr' to the private section to safeguard internal state and prevent unauthorized external memory access.
3. Boundary Protection: Replaced 'assert' with explicit 'if' checks and 'std::out_of_range' exceptions in the subscript operator. This ensures the protection mechanism remains active in high-performance Release builds (-O3).
4. Interface Design: Added 'friend' declarations for global math utilities (dot, abs2, etc.) to maintain computational efficiency while strictly enforcing class encapsulation.
5. Performance Optimization: Refactored the 'zero_out' method to utilize 'std::fill' from the library, leveraging compiler-level vectorization for faster memory operations.

Verified all changes with a dedicated unit test in main_2300011176.cpp, confirming that boundary violations are successfully caught and handled.