Keep the NumberFormatException message from Integer, Long and Short parsing

[anishmehta24]

The parseInt/parseLong/parseShort peers catch the host NumberFormatException and throw a new one in the program without its message, so getMessage() is null under JPF:

try {
  Integer.parseInt("abc");
} catch (NumberFormatException x) {
  System.out.println(x.getMessage()); // JVM: For input string: "abc"   JPF: null
}

They now pass the message on (Byte already gets it, since it is not a peer).

Added IntegerTest.testParseErrorKeepsMessage, which fails on master. It only checks that the message mentions the input, because the exact wording comes from the host JDK. Tested on Windows 11 with Temurin 11.0.32: parallelTest passes (1033), and singleThreadTest has only the two URLClassLoaderTest failures that also happen on Windows on master (#427, fixed in #644).