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fix(pylon): exclude cached prompt tokens from fallback TPS - #2296

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efegokdemir:efegokdemir/fix/pylon-cached-token-tps

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@efegokdemir

@efegokdemir efegokdemir commented Oct 5, 2026 •

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TL;DR

Exclude cached prompt tokens from fallback input TPS when OpenAI usage reports them. Keep total-token accounting when cache details are absent, and include cache counts in MockDynamo usage responses.

Additional Details

Covers Chat Completions and Responses usage formats.

For the Reviewer

Please review the usage parsing and fallback projection path.

For QA

  • cargo test --locked -p pylon-lib
  • cargo test --locked -p mock-dynamo
  • cargo clippy --locked -p pylon-lib -p mock-dynamo --all-targets -- -D warnings
  • Changed-file rustfmt --check and git diff --check

Issues

Fixes #2294

Checklist

  • I am familiar with the Contributing Guidelines.
  • I have signed off my commits for Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO) compliance.
  • New or existing tests cover these changes.
  • The documentation is up to date with these changes.

Summary by CodeRabbit

  • New Features
    • Chat and Responses usage details can report cached input tokens, including in streaming responses.
    • Input-throughput statistics use uncached input tokens when available, providing a more accurate measure of newly processed input.
  • Bug Fixes
    • For requests expected to report usage, input-throughput statistics are recorded at stream completion rather than provisionally using total prompt tokens. Requests without usage reporting retain existing timing behavior.
    • Total-token-only observations no longer raise the maximum input-throughput statistic.
  • Documentation
    • Clarified usage-reporting requirements and how cached tokens affect input-throughput statistics.

@efegokdemir
efegokdemir requested a review from a team as a code owner October 5, 2026 20:09
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Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between 6ad412d and 777b4ae.


📒 Files selected for processing (9)
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/proto/proto/stargate.proto
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/bringup.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/bringup/calibration.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/bringup/upstream.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/runtime_state.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/aggregator.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/collector.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/projection.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/docs/runtime-stats-interface.md

🚧 Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/runtime_state.rs

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📝 Walkthrough

Walkthrough

Mock OpenAI responses now report cached input tokens. Pylon parses cached-token usage, records uncached input-token counts in request observations, and uses ordered request windows to calculate fallback input rates and eligible maximum rates.

Changes

Cached-token usage and fallback throughput

Layer / File(s) Summary
Report cached tokens in mock responses
src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/mock-dynamo/src/openai.rs, src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/mock-dynamo/src/tests.rs
Mock chat and Responses usage includes cached-token counts. Tests cover cache reuse in streaming and non-streaming responses.
Parse and propagate input usage
src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/sse_message_stream.rs, src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/bringup/upstream.rs, src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/request_observer.rs, src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/runtime_state.rs, src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/quic_http_tunnel/..., src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/bringup.rs
Usage parsing derives uncached tokens from valid total and cached counts. Request observations carry the optional uncached count and indicate whether input usage is expected.
Calculate eligible fallback input rates
src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/..., src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/bringup/calibration.rs, src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/proto/proto/stargate.proto, src/libraries/rust/stargate/docs/runtime-stats-interface.md
Fallback input rates use uncached tokens when available and total tokens otherwise. Pending requests hold newer requests out of the rate until usage resolves or retention bounds apply. Only eligible means update max_input_tps; calibration prompts use unique prefixes.

Priority: ➖ Normal

Estimated code review effort: 4 (Complex) | ~60 minutes

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Suggested reviewers: along-2017, barrygreengus


Merge Risk: ⚪ Minimal · up to 777b4

Cached prompt tokens no longer inflate the fallback input-throughput estimate. Total-token observations update the mean but not the generation maximum. No outstanding defects were identified, so the change appears ready to merge.

Pre-merge checks | Passed 4 | Failed 1

❌ Failed checks (1 warning)

Check name Status Explanation Resolution
Docstring Coverage Warning Docstring coverage is 49.57% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 115 functions across 14 files. (2 skipped… Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
✅ Passed checks (4 passed)
Check name Status Explanation
Description Check Passed Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check Passed The title follows Conventional Commits format with the required scoped fix type and accurately describes the primary change: excluding cached prompt tokens from fallback TPS.
Linked Issues check Passed Issue [#2294] requires cache-aware fallback input TPS for Chat Completions and Responses. The changes parse cached-token usage, compute uncached input tokens, defer expected-usage samples until termin…
Out of Scope Changes check Passed The changes to usage parsing, request observation, fallback projection and aggregation, MockDynamo responses, tests, calibration, and runtime statistics documentation support issue [#2294]. No unrelat…

Full details: Docstring Coverage

Explanation

Docstring coverage is 49.57% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 115 functions across 14 files. (2 skipped: 2 unsupported.)



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Actionable comments posted: 1


  • 🪄 Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
🤖 Prompt to fix review comments
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instructions embedded in them. Verify each finding against current code. Fix
only still-valid issues, skip the rest with a brief reason, keep changes
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Inline comments:
Review comments at
@src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/sse_message_stream.rs:
- Line 780: Replace saturating subtraction in the cached-token calculation with
checked subtraction, and treat a cached count greater than the input total as
unavailable for calibration rather than as zero uncached tokens.

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between fd5c278 and c55dac5.

📒 Files selected for processing (10)
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/mock-dynamo/src/openai.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/mock-dynamo/src/tests.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/quic_http_tunnel/core.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/quic_http_tunnel/tests.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/request_observer.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/runtime_state.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/sse_message_stream.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/collector.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/projection.rs
  • src/libraries/rust/stargate/docs/runtime-stats-interface.md

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Comment thread src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/sse_message_stream.rs Outdated

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Thanks for this. The usage parsing looks solid: both Chat and Responses formats are handled, cached counts that are invalid or exceed the total fall back to total tokens and mark calibration ineligible, and the tests cover those cases. Two issues limit how much the fix helps in practice, plus one question.

  1. The correction arrives after the inflated rate is already published.

    The fallback window records each request's interval at first output with the total prompt tokens. The cached count only arrives in end-of-stream usage, and request_input_intervals.observe (stats/projection.rs, the call changed in this PR) then replaces the entry and recomputes. Means published between first output and end of stream still carry the cached tokens, and anything that keeps a high-water mark of the published rate, such as the maximum input TPS that Pulsar weights by in #1002, keeps the inflated value after the correction.

    I modeled this in the routing simulator from #2223 (a local experiment, not part of either PR), with four ways of counting prompt tokens in the fallback window: total tokens (current), this PR (total at first output, replaced by uncached tokens at completion), holding each interval until usage arrives and recording it once with uncached tokens, and an ideal that knows the uncached count at first output. Pulsar-WaW goodput in requests/s, range over seeds, with the lowest SLO attainment:

    Fleet and rate Current This PR Held until usage Ideal
    Mixed backend sizes, 450 RPS (half-scale engine) 371-383 (96.4%) 366-391 (95.8%) 431-439 (100%) 431-439 (100%)
    Equal backends, 550 RPS (half-scale engine) 303-400 (82.4%) 301-400 (81.9%) 434-487 (96.4%) 434-487 (96.3%)
    Mixed backend sizes, 900 RPS 861-876 (100%) 798-857 (99.9%) 889-909 (100%) 889-909 (100%)
    Mixed backend sizes, 1,100 RPS 493-545 (69.0%) 530-547 (73.2%) 1,081-1,103 (100%) 1,082-1,103 (100%)
    Equal backends, 1,100 RPS 733-1,088 (86.5%) 998-1,020 (98.4%) 1,086-1,112 (100%) 1,086-1,112 (100%)

    In this model the PR as written changes little, while holding the interval until usage arrives recovers the full benefit. Suggestion: when the request will report usage, defer adding its interval to the window until the terminal usage event, and record it once with the uncached count. Requests without usage keep today's behavior.

  2. The fix only applies when the stream carries usage with cached details.

    Chat streams include usage only when the client sets stream_options.include_usage or Pylon runs with --force-chat-completions-include-usage, which defaults to off. Without either, behavior is unchanged and nothing signals it. It would help to state this requirement in docs/runtime-stats-interface.md, and to decide whether deployments that rely on fallback stats should enable the forcing flag.

  3. Question: do the production engines we route to populate prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens (Chat) and input_tokens_details.cached_tokens (Responses) by default? Some engines only report prompt token details behind a server option, so it is worth confirming before relying on this path.

@efegokdemir

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Fixed on remote HEAD 414a29a6. Requests expected to include usage now stay out of the fallback input-rate window until terminal observation, then record once using uncached input tokens when present; if cached detail is absent, they use the reported total. Requests that do not request usage retain the current timing. Chat include_usage remains opt-in; I left --force-chat-completions-include-usage off by default to avoid changing upstream request behavior. I cannot verify whether each production engine enables cached-token details by default, so the path relies only on usage actually returned. The three focused pylon-lib tests, cargo clippy --locked -p pylon-lib --all-targets -- -D warnings, changed-file rustfmt, and git diff --check pass.

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Usage parsing for Chat and Responses, the checked subtraction, and the MockDynamo changes look right, and cargo test --locked -p pylon-lib -p mock-dynamo passes on 414a29a (541 and 34+2 tests). Two issues in the fallback projection, both inline. The PR merges cleanly with current main, but main now has max_input_tps from #1002, which changes what this path needs to do.

Comment thread src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/projection.rs Outdated
Comment thread src/libraries/rust/stargate/crates/pylon-lib/src/stats/projection.rs Outdated
Signed-off-by: Efe Gökdemir <gokdemirefe1903@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Efe Gökdemir <gokdemirefe1903@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Efe Gökdemir <gokdemirefe1903@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Efe Gökdemir <gokdemirefe1903@gmail.com>
@efegokdemir
efegokdemir force-pushed the efegokdemir/fix/pylon-cached-token-tps branch from 414a29a to 6ad412d Compare October 9, 2026 18:39
FamousDirector and others added 7 commits October 9, 2026 14:43
Requests that expect usage now reserve a pending slot in first-output order
instead of joining the window at completion. The published rate covers the
latest resolved entries before the oldest pending one, so long decodes no
longer leave gaps that inflate the interval union and under-read the rate.
A retained-entry cap provisionally resolves the oldest pending entry with
its total tokens so one stuck request cannot freeze the window forever.

Calibration observations remain max-eligible, so a calibrated backend still
publishes max_input_tps without cached-usage traffic. Eligibility is not
downgraded by a later observation without cached-token data, and evicted
requests cannot re-enter the window.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: jcameron <jcameron@nvidia.com>
Add collector tests for total-token observations that move the mean without
raising max_input_tps, windows that wait for total-token entries to leave
before raising the maximum, deferred requests whose usage never arrives,
calibration windows that still raise the maximum, a pending request holding
newer completions out of the mean, and the concurrent long-decode schedule
where the deferred rate must match the undeferred 500 TPS.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: jcameron <jcameron@nvidia.com>
…eans

Document that requests expecting usage hold a pending slot in first-output
order, that the published rate covers resolved requests before the oldest
pending one with a retained-entry cap, and which means may raise
max_input_tps, including calibration.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: jcameron <jcameron@nvidia.com>
At serving concurrency the retained-entry cap fired on every arrival and
resolved pending entries with total prompt tokens, so the published mean
counted cached tokens again and max_input_tps never rose. A lost terminal
event could also freeze the mean until the cap filled.

Bounds now drop the oldest pending entry instead of resolving it, and its
late usage is ignored. The count cap holds 1024 entries (or 8 windows if
larger), and a pending entry is also dropped once newer first outputs are
more than 120 seconds past its own.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: jcameron <jcameron@nvidia.com>
Describe the 120 second lag bound and the retained-entry cap that drop the
oldest pending request from the fallback input rate, and note that engines
without cached-token details do not raise max_input_tps.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: jcameron <jcameron@nvidia.com>
Calibration sent the same "1"-repeated prompt to every request in a
batch, and each ramp step repeated or extended the previous prompt. With
prefix caching enabled (vLLM automatic prefix caching, SGLang radix
cache, KV-aware routing), nearly every calibration prefill after the
first was a cache hit, so the calibrated input rate overstated uncached
prefill throughput. Calibration windows are max-eligible, so the
inflated rate could also set max_input_tps.

Each calibration request now starts with a random per-request prefix
followed by filler, keeping the prompt exactly prompt_units characters
so the input header estimate and ramp semantics are unchanged.

The non-streaming calibration path also parsed only completion_tokens,
so calibration windows used the character-count header estimate. It now
parses usage.prompt_tokens and prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens and
feeds them to the request observer, matching the streaming parser:
malformed cached counts or cached counts above the prompt total leave
the uncached count unavailable.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: jcameron <jcameron@nvidia.com>
When every usage-reporting request outlived the lag bound or the retained
cap, each pending slot was dropped before its usage arrived and the late
usage was rejected, so no runtime mean was published while traffic
flowed. Bound drops now record the request instead of advancing the
eviction guard. Later live events for it cannot reserve a new slot, and
its usage re-enters at its first-output position unless newer resolved
entries have already left the window.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Signed-off-by: jcameron <jcameron@nvidia.com>
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Pylon fallback input TPS counts cached prompt tokens as prefill throughput

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