Unify vkb::VulkanException and vkb::common::HPPVulkanException into vkb::common::VulkanException<bindingType>

[asuessenbach]

Description

Next unified class on C- and C++-bindings.

• The actual VulkanException class has been moved to then new common/VulkanException.h
• The VK_CHECK macro has been moved to the new common/macros.h
• The ASSERT_VK_HANDLE macro has been removed, as it wasn't used anywhere.
• NOMINMAX had to be defined for windows builds in global_options.cmake. No idea, why it was not needed before.

Build tested on Win11 with VS2026. Run tested on Win11 with NVidia GPU.

General Checklist:

Please ensure the following points are checked:

• My code follows the coding style
• I have reviewed file licenses
• I have commented any added functions (in line with Doxygen)
• I have commented any code that could be hard to understand
• My changes do not add any new compiler warnings
• My changes do not add any new validation layer errors or warnings
• I have used existing framework/helper functions where possible
• My changes do not add any regressions
• I have tested every sample to ensure everything runs correctly
• This PR describes the scope and expected impact of the changes I am making

Note: The Samples CI runs a number of checks including:

• I have updated the header Copyright to reflect the current year (CI build will fail if Copyright is out of date)
• My changes build on Windows, Linux, macOS and Android. Otherwise I have documented any exceptions

If this PR contains framework changes:

• I did a full batch run using the batch command line argument to make sure all samples still work properly

Sample Checklist

If your PR contains a new or modified sample, these further checks must be carried out in addition to the General Checklist:

• I have tested the sample on at least one compliant Vulkan implementation
• If the sample is vendor-specific, I have tagged it appropriately
• I have stated on what implementation the sample has been tested so that others can test on different implementations and platforms
• Any dependent assets have been merged and published in downstream modules
• For new samples, I have added a paragraph with a summary to the appropriate chapter in the readme of the folder that the sample belongs to e.g. api samples readme
• For new samples, I have added a tutorial README.md file to guide users through what they need to know to implement code using this feature. For example, see conditional_rendering
• For new samples, I have added a link to the Antora navigation so that the sample will be listed at the Vulkan documentation site