The Io Language

This is a reference for building and running Io. For a guide to the language itself, see http://iolanguage.org/guide/guide.html.

Contents

• What is Io?
  • Example Code
  • Quick Links
• Platform
• Building
• Running
• Browser REPL
• Running Tests
• Extending Io

What is Io?

Io is a dynamic prototype-based programming language in the same family as Smalltalk and Self. Everything is a message send from one object to another.

The programming guide and reference manual live in the docs folder.

Example Code

Basic math:

Io> 1 + 1
==> 2

Io> 2 sqrt
==> 1.4142135623730951

Lists:

Io> d := List clone append(30, 10, 5, 20)
==> list(30, 10, 5, 20)

Io> d := d sort
==> list(5, 10, 20, 30)

Io> d select (>10)
==> list(20, 30)

Objects:

Io> Contact := Object clone
==>  Contact_0x7fbc3bc8a6d0:
  type = "Contact"

Io> Contact name ::= nil
Io> Contact address ::= nil
Io> Contact city ::= nil

Io> holmes := Contact clone setName("Holmes") setAddress("221B Baker St") setCity("London")
==>  Contact_0x7fbc3be2b470:
  address          = "221B Baker St"
  city             = "London"
  name             = "Holmes"

Io> Contact fullAddress := method(list(name, address, city) join("\n"))
Io> holmes fullAddress
==> Holmes
221B Baker St
London

Quick Links

• Wikipedia overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Io_(programming_language)
• c2 wiki discussion: http://wiki.c2.com/?IoLanguage

Platform

Io targets WebAssembly. A single WASI binary runs under any WASI host (wasmtime, Node, browsers via WASI shims) and ships with a browser REPL and a bidirectional Io↔JavaScript bridge.

If you need the previous native build (CMake, dynamic addons, Eerie package manager), use the native branch or the 2026.04.20-native-final tag. The native path accepts bug fixes; new development lands on master.

Building

Prerequisites: wasi-sdk and wasmtime.

git clone --recursive https://github.com/IoLanguage/io.git
cd io
make

If wasi-sdk is not installed at ~/wasi-sdk, point WASI_SDK at it:

make WASI_SDK=/opt/wasi-sdk

Make targets:

Target	What it does
make	Build build/bin/io_static (WASI CLI binary)
make test	Build build/bin/test_iterative_eval
make check	Run both test suites under wasmtime
make browser	Build browser/io_browser.wasm (browser REPL)
make serve	Serve the browser REPL at http://localhost:8000
make check-browser	Run browser tests under Playwright
make regenerate	Regenerate IoVMInit.c from .io sources
make clean	Remove build artifacts

Running

Run a one-liner:

wasmtime build/bin/io_static -e '"hello" println'

Run a script (pass --dir=. so the WASI sandbox can read the file):

wasmtime --dir=. build/bin/io_static path/to/script.io

Start the REPL:

wasmtime build/bin/io_static

Browser REPL

make serve

Then open http://localhost:8000. See browser/README.md for details on embedding the REPL in a page and calling between Io and JavaScript.

Running Tests

make check

Or run the suites individually:

wasmtime build/bin/test_iterative_eval
wasmtime --dir=. --dir=/tmp build/bin/io_static libs/iovm/tests/correctness/run.io

Set IO_TEST_VERBOSE=1 for per-test output.

Extending Io

The native addon system (DynLib, AddonLoader, Eerie) is not available on WebAssembly. Host integration goes through the JavaScript bridge instead: Io code can call JS functions, and JS can call Io methods. See browser/README.md and agents/wasm/Bridge.md.