Family: ramanujan-nagell — Generalized Ramanujan-Nagell equation

[roed-math]

One family: Generalized Ramanujan-Nagell equation (ramanujan-nagell) — P1, effective.

• Standard form: x^2 + d = k*b^n (classical: x^2 + 7 = 2^n)
• Parent: polynomial-exponential
• Examples: x^2 + 7 = 2^n, x^2 + 11 = 3^n

Contents: the registry entry, its docs/FAMILIES.md section, its rows in the classification corpus, its solver and solver-layer tests.

References cited (the claim each one supports):

• Nagell1961 — the proof that n lies in {3, 4, 5, 7, 15}
• Beukers1981 — sharp bounds: at most two solutions of the generalized equation
• deWeger1989 — the Baker + LLL toolkit for concrete instances

Independent of every other family PR: it needs only the registry backbone it is based on.

Part of the series that splits #1 into reviewable pieces:

1. 01-bibliography — packaging, docs, annotated bibliography
2. 02-parsing — equation strings to a term model
3. 03-registry — the YAML family registry (3 seed families)
4. 04-matchers — shape recognizers
5. 05-classify — the classification pipeline
6. 06-solvers — solver framework, two seed solvers, and the CLI
7. 07..09-backbone — the 23 parent families of the DAG, by depth
8. one PR per remaining family (38 of them, mutually independent)
9. 99-polish — restore the full doctests and tighten the invariants