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Docker

Services (docker-compose.yaml)

Service Image Port Purpose
db postgres:16-alpine 5432 PostgreSQL with trust auth (passwordless)
backend Built from backend/Dockerfile 8000 FastAPI application

The backend service waits for PostgreSQL to be healthy before starting (depends_on: condition: service_healthy). The db service runs pg_isready every 5 seconds as its health check.

Multi-Stage Dockerfile (Dockerfile)

The Dockerfile has two stages: build (install dependencies) and runtime (run the app).

Build Stage

FROM ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:python3.12-bookworm-slim AS builder

COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock ./
RUN uv sync --frozen --no-dev --no-install-project    # 1. Install deps (cached layer)

COPY src/ src/
RUN uv sync --frozen --no-dev                          # 2. Install project
  • ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv — uv's official image with Python 3.12 and uv pre-installed
  • --frozen — use the lock file exactly (no dependency resolution)
  • --no-dev — skip dev dependencies (ruff, pytest, mypy)
  • Dependencies are installed before copying source code — Docker caches this layer, so docker build only re-installs deps when pyproject.toml or uv.lock change

Runtime Stage

FROM python:3.12-slim-bookworm

COPY --from=builder /app/.venv /app/.venv
COPY --from=builder /app/src /app/src
ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"

CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000", "--app-dir", "src"]

Only the .venv and source code are copied from the builder. No uv, no build tools, no dev dependencies.

Result: ~150MB final image vs ~500MB with all build tools. Smaller image = faster deploys, smaller attack surface.

Commands

docker compose up -d db       # start PostgreSQL only (for local dev)
docker compose up -d          # start all services
docker compose up --build     # rebuild images and start
docker compose down            # stop all services
docker compose down -v         # stop and delete data volume
docker compose logs -f backend # tail backend logs